S.O.L.I.D. in Swift (Simplest Language)

Basic Knowledge of SOLID
The SOLID principles are a set of five design principles that aim to make software systems more understandable, flexible, and maintainable. These principles were introduced by Robert C. Martin and are widely used in object-oriented programming. Here’s how you can apply the SOLID principles in Swift when developing iOS applications:

1. Single Responsibility Principle (SRP):
   * Each class or module should have only one reason to change.
   * In Swift, create classes or modules that have a single responsibility and encapsulate that responsibility.
2. Open/Closed Principle (OCP):
   * Software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension but closed for modification.
   * Use protocols and inheritance in Swift to create flexible and extensible designs.
3. Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP):
   * Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types without altering the correctness of the program.
   * Ensure that subclasses can be used interchangeably with their base classes without causing issues.
4. Interface Segregation Principle (ISP):
   * A class should not be forced to implement interfaces it does not use.
   * Create smaller, specific protocols rather than large, general ones, so that conforming types only implement what they need.
5. Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP):
   * High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions.
   * Abstractions should not depend on details. Details should depend on abstractions.
   * Use dependency injection and inversion of control to achieve loose coupling between components.

Here’s a brief example illustrating some of these principles:

// Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
class DataManager {
    func saveData(data: String) {
        // Save data to a database
    }
}

// Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
protocol Logger {
    func log(message: String)
}

class FileLogger: Logger {
    func log(message: String) {
        // Log message to a file
    }
}

class ConsoleLogger: Logger {
    func log(message: String) {
        // Log message to the console
    }
}

// Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
class Animal {
    func makeSound() {}
}

class Dog: Animal {
    override func makeSound() {
        // Bark
    }
}

class Cat: Animal {
    override func makeSound() {
        // Meow
    }
}

// Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
protocol Printable {
    func printContent()
}

protocol Scanable {
    func scanContent()
}

class MultifunctionPrinter: Printable, Scanable {
    func printContent() {
        // Print content
    }

    func scanContent() {
        // Scan content
    }
}

// Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)
protocol DataProvider {
    func fetchData() -> String
}

class RemoteDataProvider: DataProvider {
    func fetchData() -> String {
        // Fetch data from a remote server
        return "Remote data"
    }
}

class DataManagerWithDependencyInjection {
    private let dataProvider: DataProvider

    init(dataProvider: DataProvider) {
        self.dataProvider = dataProvider
    }

    func processData() {
        let data = dataProvider.fetchData()
        // Process the data
    }
}